Ôn thi tiếng anh vào 10 (hay)
VERB TENSES
I/. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI ÑÔN
Caâu xaùc ñònh
I / You / We / They + V0
She / He / It + V ( - s / - e s)
* Ñoäng töø taän cuøng coù : S , SH , CH , X , O , Z thì ta theâm -es
S + don’t / doesn’t + V0
Do / Does + S + V0…..?
+ am
You / We / They + are
She / He / It + is
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu nghi vaán
* Ñoäng töø “ To be”: I
* Caùch duøng:
- Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laäp ñi laäp laïi
Ví duï: They go to church every Sundays
- Noùi veà söï thaät
Ví duï: Thanksgiving comes on the fourth Thursday of November
* Töø nhaän bieát: Always (Luoân luoân), Usually (Thöôøng thöôøng), Often ( Thöôøng xuyeân),
Sometimes (Thænh thoaûng), Never ( Khoâng bao giôø), Seldom, rarely (Ít khi), Every …..( Moãi……),
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple present tense
1. They ( go ) to church every Sundays.
2. She often ( watch ) TV in the evening.
3. What (you / do ) every morning?
4. I always ( get ) up at 7 o’clock in the morning.
5. After classes he often ( listen ) to music.
6. She ( not play ) volleyball every afternon.
7. Nam (often be ) late for school.
8. Lan and I ( be ) in class 6A
II. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI TIEÁP DIEÃN
Caâu xaùc ñònh
S + am / is / are + V-ing
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + am / is / are + not + V-ing
Caâu nghi vaán
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ?
* Caùch duøng:
- Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieán dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra taïi thôøi ñieåm noùi.
Ví duï: Please don’t make so much noise. I am working
- Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra khoâng nhaát thieát vaøo tôøi ñieåm noùi
Ví duï: Mary wants to work in France, so she is learning French
* Chuù yù caùch theâm –ing vaøo ñoäng töø:
- Ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø –e, ta boû –e, theâm – ing ( write – writing )
- Ñoäng töø moät vaàn taän cuøng laø moät phuï aâm, tröôùc coù moät nguyeân aâm ta gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm roài theâm
– ing. ( swim – swimming )
- Ñoäng töø 2 vaàn coù daáu nhaán ôû vaàn hai, taän cuøng baèng moät phuï aâm, tröôùc laø moät nguyeân aâm, ta
gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm roài theâm –ing ( begin – beginning )
* Töø nhaän bieát: Now, right now, at the moment, at present
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present progressive tense
1
1. Tom ( sleep ) and we ( play ) video games at present.
2. What you ( do ) now?
3. We ( not study ) now, we ( watch ) TV.
4. You ( listen ) to me, Mary? – Yes, I am
5. Hurry up. He ( wait ) outside
III. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: TÖÔNG LAI ÑÔN
Caâu xaùc ñònh
S + will + V0
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + will + not + V0
Caâu nghi vaán
Will + S + V0……?
* Caùch duøng: Thì töông lai ñôn dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong töông lai
* Töø nhaän bieát: Tomorrow, next….., in + naêm trong töông lai, some day, sooner or later
* NEAR FUTURE: TÖÔNG LAI GAÀN
S + is / am / are + going to + V0 Dieãn taû moät döï ñònh trong töông lai
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple future tense
1. Goodbye ! We ( see ) you tomorrow.
2. The weather ( start ) a little colder tomorrow.
3. Stay home. Lan ( call ) you tonight.
4. Look at those black clouds. It is going ( rain )
5. You ( be ) free tomorrow?
IV. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUAÙ KHÖÙ ÑÔN
Caâu xaùc ñònh
S + V- ed / -2
I / he / she / it + was
You / we / they + were
S + was / were + not ……..
Was / Were + S ………..?
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + didn’t + V0
Caâu nghi vaán
Did + S + V0 …..?
* Caùch duøng:
- Thì quaù khöù ñôn dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù
- Dieãn taû thoùi quen trong quaù khöù
* Töø nhaän bieát: Yesterday, ago, last……., in + naêm ôû quaù khöù
* Chuù yù: Caùch theâm –ed
- Ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø –e, ta boû –e roài theâm –ed
Ví duï: arrive - arrived
- Ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø –y, tröôùc noù laø moät phuï aâm thì ta ñoåi –y thaønh –i roài theâm ed
Ví duï: try – tried
- Ñoäng töø taän cuøng laø moät phuï aâm, tröôùc noù laø moät nguyeân aâm, ta gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm roài theâm -ed
Ví duï: fit – fitted
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple past tense
1. I ( start ) school when I was six.
2. We ( meet ) his parents yesterday.
3. The school ( be ) in bad conditions three years ago.
4. Your aunt ( call ) you yesterday?
5. He ( not visit ) Da Lat last summer.
V. THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ QUAÙ KHÖÙ TIEÁP DIEÃN
2
Caâu xaùc ñònh
S + was / were + V- ing
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + was / were + not + V- ing
Caâu nghi vaán
Was / Were + S + V- ing ….?
* Caùch duøng:
- Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng xaûy ra taïi moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù
Ví duï: They were working at seven o’clock last night
- Dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra trong quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xen vaøo
S + was / were + V- ing when S + V- ed / -2
Ví duï: I was sleeping when the phone rang
S + V- ed / -2 while S + was / were + V- ing
Ví duï: The phone rang while I was sleeping
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the past progressive tense
1. What you ( do ) at six o’clock yesterday?
2. Nam ( take ) a shower at eight o’clock last night.
3. I ( do ) my homework at seven o’clock yesterday.
4. While they ( eat ), the phone rang.
5. It ( rain ) when the plane got to Ha Noi.
VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH
Caâu xaùc ñònh
S + have / has + V- ed / -3
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + have / has + not + V- ed / -3
Caâu nghi vaán
Have / Has + S + V- ed / -3 ….?
* Caùch duøng:Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh dieãn taû:
- Haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra trong quaù khöù
Ví duï: I have just finished my homework
- Haønh ñoäng hay söï kieän taïi moät thôøi ñieåm khoâng chaéc chaén trong quaù khöù
Ví duï: I have already seen that film
- Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù nhöng coøn lieân quan ñeán hieän taïi
Ví duï: She has studied French for three years
* Töø nhaän bieát: Just, already, yet, ever, so far, recently, lately, before, up to now, since, for
Since + a point of time ( moät ñieåm thôøi gian ) (Since 2011, Since January,…… )
For + a period of time ( moät khoaûng thôøi gian) ( For 5 years )
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense
1. We ( not come ) to your house for two years.
2. She ( live ) here since last year.
3. He ( see ) you since yesterday?
4. Nam ( collect ) stamps since 1999.
5. You ( finish ) your composition yet? – Yes, I have.
VII. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE: THÌ QUAÙ KHÖÙ HOAØN THAØNH
Caâu xaùc ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu nghi vaán
S + had + V- ed / -3
S + had + not + V- ed / -3
Had + S + V- ed / -3 ….?
3
* Caùch duøng:Thì quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng hay söï kieän xaûy ra tröôùc moät thôøi
ñieåm hay moät söï kieän khaùc trong quaù khöù.
Ví duï: We had finished planting trees before lunchtime yesterday
When I arrived at the party, Lucy had already gone home
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense
1. We stopped for a rest after we ( walk ) for two hours.
2. I ( finish ) my homework before I went to school.
3. We received her letter after she ( move ) to a new house.
4. I ( see ) him eating in the restaurant before going home yesterday.
5. We missed the beginning of the play, because it ( already start ) when we arrived.
EXERCISES
I. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense:
1. I ( get )……………………………………. up the day before yesterday.
2. What…………………………………….you (do) ……………………………………. The day after tomorrow?
3. She always (go) …………………………………….to sleep before her mother does.
4. She rarely (take) …………………………………….a bath after dinner.
5. …………………………………….you (take) …………………………………….a trip next summer?
6. Alice and Mary (put) …………………………………….away the dinner dishes right now.
7.The telephone rang while I (take) …………………………………….my shower this morning.
8. In what year…………………………………….World War II (break) …………………………………….out?
9. We (learn) …………………………………….grammar right at the moment.
10. John and Tom (write) …………………………………….letters at the moment.
11. Listen! Someone (knock) …………………………………….at the door.
12. It always (snow) …………………………………….in winter. It (snow) ……………………………………. Now.
13. I (read) …………………………………….a book when the electricity was disconnected.
14. Look! A boy (run) …………………………………….after a dog. He (want) …………………………………….to catch it.
15. I (spend) ………………………….this weekend in Dalat. I (go) …………………………….there nearly everymonth.
16.The bell rang while I (have) …………………………………….lunch.
17. When the war (end) ……………………………………., we were living in the countryside.
18. Marconi (invent) ……………………………………. radio a long time ago.
19. She (not, speak) ……………………………………. To me for over a month.
20. I (buy) …………………………………….a good dictionary yesterday morning.
21. …………………………………….you (have) …………………………………….dinner yet?
22. So far, I (not, see) …………………………………….a camel.
23. In France birbs (fly) ……………………………………. to the South before winter comes.
24. He (sit) …………………………………….on a chair at 9:00 last night.
25. I (know) ……………………………………. him for a very long time.
26. My parents (come) …………………………………….to stay with me next month.
27. The war began while he (live) …………………………………….in France.
28. They (just leave) …………………………………….here.
29. He (turn) …………………………………….on the fan now.
30. There (be) …………………………………….no intelligent life on the moon.
31. He thanked me for what I (do) ……………………………………. .
32. My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody (take) …………………………………….it.
33. I (not, see) …………………………………….her for three years. I wonder where she is.
4
34. The performance (begin) …………………………………….at 7 o’clock and (last) …………………………………….for
three hours. We all (enjoy) …………………………………….it.
II. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1. Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997.
Samuel has……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. We started learning English five years ago.
We have….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I began living in Ho Chi Minh city when I was 8.
I have……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months.
She started……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He hasn’t written to me since April.
The last time………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
She last ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They last talked to each other two months ago
They haven’t………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999
She hasn’t…..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She hasn’t written to me for years.
It’s years……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years.
It’s ten years………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room.
They……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut.
John……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. How long is it since you rode a bicycle?
When……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
14. How long is it since he wrote to me?
When……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
15. When did he last talk to you?
How long………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
16. When did you last telephone him?
How long………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………?
17. We have never eaten this kind of food before.
It’s the……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. This is the first time I have seen this film.
I have never……………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. John began playing the piano ten years ago.
John has……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. He has given up smoking for 2 months.
He started………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
*****************************************************************************************************
PASSIVE VOICE
5
THE PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED: be + past participle ( V/ V - 3 / - e d )
S
+
V
+
O ( active : chuû ñoäng)
S
+
be +
V( - 3 / - e d)
+
by + O ( passive: bò ñoäng )
I/. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI ÑÔN
S + V / V -s/-es + O
She opens the door
S + am / is / are + V - 3 / - e d + by + O
The door is opened ( by her )
II. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUAÙ KHÖÙ ÑÔN
S + V - 2 / - ed + O
She wrote some letters
S + was / were + V - 3 / - e d + by + O
Some letters were
to me
written
to me ( by her )
III/. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE : THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI TIEÁP DIEÃN
S + am / is / are + V-ing + O
Nam is reading a book in the room
S + am / is / are + being + V - 3 / - e d + by + O
A book is being read in the room by Nam
IV. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH
S + has / have + V - 3 / - ed + O
We have just finished
S + has / have + been
V - 3 / - e d + by + O
Our homework has just been finished (by us)
V. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: TÖÔNG LAI ÑÔN
S + will + V + O
My father
will buy a new car
S + will + be V - 3 / - e d + by + O
will be bought
A new car
VI. MODAL VERB: ÑOÄNG TÖØ KHIEÁM KHUYEÁT
S + modal verb + V + O
I
S + modal verb + be V - 3 / - e d + by + O
our homework
can
do
next month
by my father next month
this work
This work can be done
(by me)
* Ghi chuù: Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, ought to, have to, must, be going to, should, used to,….
VII. CAÙCH BIEÁN ÑOÅI CAÂU PHUÛ ÑÒNH, CAÂU HOÛI YES/NO VAØ CAÂU HOÛI COÙ TÖØ ÑEÅ HOÛI:
1. Caâu phuû ñònh:
a. Hieän taïi ñôn
She does not open the door
6
The door is not opened ( by her )
b. Quaù khöù ñôn:
She did not write some letters to me
Some letters were not written to me ( by her )
c. Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn:
Nam is not reading a book in the room
A book is not being read in the room by Nam
d. Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh:
We have not just finished our homework
Our homework has not just been finished (by us)
e. Töông lai ñôn:
My father will not buy a new car next month
A new car will not be bought
f. Modal verb:
I can not do this work
by my father next month
This work can not be done (by me)
2. Caâu hoûi YES / NO:
a. Hieän taïi ñôn
Does she open the door ?
Is the door
opened ( by her ) ?
b. Quaù khöù ñôn:
Did She write some letters to you?
Were some letters
written to me ( by her )?
c. Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn:
Is Nam reading a book in the room?
Is a book being read in the room by Nam?
d. Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh:
Have you
just finished your homework?
7
Has your homework just been finished (by you)?
e. Töông lai ñôn:
Will my father
buy a new car next month?
Will a new car
f. Modal verb:
Can you
do
be bought
by my father next month?
this work?
Can this work be done (by you)?
3. Caâu hoûi coù töø ñeå hoûi:
Where did your child find the key?
Where was
Which book
the key found by your child ?
do people prefer ?
Which book
Who made
is
prefered ?
the final decision?
By whom was
the final decision made?
VIII. SPECIAL CASES: MOÄT SOÁ TRÖÔØNG HÔÏP ÑAËC BIEÄT.
1. Ñoäng töø coù hai taân ngöõ:
a. Loaïi caâu passive theâm “TO”
Nhöõng ñoäng töø “ give, send, show, pay, teach, tell, lend, promise, hand, throw, wish, deny, offer,
own …” coù 2 tuùc töø. Tröôøng hôïp naøy chuùng ta coù 2 hình thöùc cuûa caâu bò ñoäng.
* Chuùng ta söû duïng “TO” khi “DO” trôû thaønh chuû töø trong caâu bò ñoäng
Ví duï: My father gave me a new hat.
S
V
IO
DO
I was given a new hat by my father
A new hat was given to me by my father.
b. Loaïi caâu passive theâm “FOR”
Nhöõng ñoäng töø “ buy, make, leave, order, do, save, get …” coù 2 tuùc töø. Tröôøng hôïp naøy chuùng ta
coù 2 hình thöùc cuûa caâu bò ñoäng.
* Chuùng ta söû duïng “FOR” khi “DO” trôû thaønh chuû töø trong caâu bò ñoäng
Ví duï: I bought my brother some books
S V
IO
DO
My brother was bought some books ( by me)
Some books were bought for my brother ( by me)
2. People / they + V + that + S + V
Caáu truùc active treân khi ñöôïc ñoåi sang passive coù theå theo hai caùch sau:
Ví duï: People know that she is married
People know that she is married
8
It is known that she is married
Ví duï: People know that she was married
She is known to be married
People know that she was married
It is known that she was married
She is known to have been married
3. Verb of perception: Caùc ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan
S + V + O + V0 ……….
S + be + V - 3 / - e d + to + V0 ………….
* Ñoäng töø MAKE cuõng ñöôïc duøng nhö caùc ñoäng töø chæ caûm giaùc. Loaïi caâu naøy khi ñoåi sang
passive voice ta thöôøng boû BY vaø Object
EXERCISES
I. Turn these sentences into passive voice:
1. They have built up all sorts of fearsome prospects in their mind.
2. My brother is going to choose engineering for his future job.
3. They are preparing dinner in another room.
4. Lenin gave each of them two exercise books.
5. Women all over the world are acquiring greater independence.
6. The 20th century has given us a lot of advantages.
7. You will have to make great efforts in studying.
8. We are going to translate HAMLET into our native language.
9. Your sister must pay attention to her teacher’s advice.
10. In his chapter, we are going to give him an intelligent test.
11. She isn’t going to pick these roses for the party.
12. Someone has taken away all of my English books.
13. People are talking about him everywhere.
14. Noone can answer that question .
15. People say that he is 007.
16. The teacher made us do a lot of exercises.
17. How are they going to do this project?
18. Which picture did you draw yesterday?
19. People rumoured that the coming crop was the worst.
20. People say that prevention is better than cure.
21. They used to make the little boys climb the chimneys to clean them.
22. Are you going to take an English course during the summer?
23. They have to cancel all the fights from London because of the bad weather.
24. We saw her cross the intersections.
25. People considered that Micheal Jackson has been the best pop singer.
26. They know that he is armed.
27. He saw the stranger rob the National Bank.
28. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police.
29. I rarely hear her call her children bad names.
30. The burglar broke into the house last night and klled the hostess .
31. The Irish had to put dowm the English flag.
9
32. They didn’t look after the children properly.
33. Everyone looks up to him.
34. They must hand in weaponds.
35. He poured all of the milk out.
36. When he come, they had solved the problem.
37. He made us work late at night.
38. What will I do if noone meets me at the airport?
39. Nobody showed them how to do.
II. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the original one:
1. Our boss has suggested a new idea.
A new idea……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You must wash this sweater in warm water.
This sweater…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. We sold the last shirt of this style a few hours ago.
The last shirt…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They built the Effel Tower in 1889.
The Effel Towe…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The police are questioning him at their headquarters.
He……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He sent me a nice gift on my birthday.
A nice gift ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They grow rice in tropical countries.
Rice………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. My father will buy a new car next month.
A new car……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Someone cleans this room everyday.
This room……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. She hasn’t done her homework yet.
Her homework…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. My sister will tell you what time the train leaves.
You………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. We have asked some friends of hers to join us.
Some friends………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. They declared that she won the competition.
It………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. They think that he has died a natural death.
He……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
The President………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
It………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. The teacher is watching them work.
They………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Noone has seen Peter since the day of the party.
Peter ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The police were following the suspects.
10
The suspects.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. People think that an apple a day is good for you.
An apple………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. We have to improve all the schools in the city.
All the schools……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. They are going to build a new bridge in the area.
A new bridge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. They have buit two department stores this year.
Two department stores……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The students are planting trees in the schoolyard at the moment.
Trees………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. They were washing their car when I came.
Their car………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. She is cleaning the floor now.
The floor..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. We have just finished our homework.
Our homework……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Noone can solve this problem.
This problem………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. They sell jeans all over the world.
Jeans………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. My mother gave me a new skirt.
A new skirt……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
WISHES
1. S1 + wish(es) + (that) + S2 + V-2 (ed) / were
Dieãn taû moät mong muoán traùi ngöôïc vôùi thöïc teá trong hieän taïi
Ví duï:
I don’t have a lot of friends at school.
I wish I had a lot of friends at school
2.. S1 + wish(es) + (that) + S2 + could / would + V
Dieãn taû moät mong muoán traùi ngöôïc vôùi thöïc teá trong töông lai
Ví duï:
I can’t drive a car
I wish I could drive a car
EXERCISES
I. Write the correct form of the verb in parenthese:
1. I wish I (have)…….…………………………………more time now to help you with your lesson.
2. I wish our teacher (explain) …….…………………………………that lesson to us again tomorrow.
3. He wishes it (stop) …….…………………………………raining now.
4. She wishes someone (offer) …….…………………………………to help her with that work tomorrow.
5. We wish it (be) …….…………………………………a little warmer in this room. We feel very cold.
6. I wish I (be) …….…………………………………as handsome as he is.
II. Circle the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences:
1. She wishes she…….…………………………………a movie star.
A. has been
B. will be
C. is
D. were
2. He wishes his mother…….…………………………………him much money tomorrow.
11
A. gave
B. would give
C. will give
3. We wish it…….…………………………………today.
A. didn’t rain
B. isn’t raining
C. hasn’t rained
4. I wish you…….…………………………………well at school, but you don’t.
A. had done
B. do
C. will do
5. we wish that he…………………………………………….the girl next door.
A. will marry
B. can marry
C. would marry
6. I wish she…….…………………………………to my party but she won’t.
A. can come
B. could come
C. may come
7. We wish the weather…….………………………………… fine today.
A. were
B. is
C. has been
D. can give
D. doesn’t rain
D. did
D. has married
D. will come.
D. will be
III. Each sentence has a mistake. Idetify it by choosing A, B, C or D:
1. She wishes she is the most beautiful girl in the world.
A
B
C
D
2. My dear friends, I wish you will visit us someday this summer.
A
B
C
D
3. I wish you can help me solve this mathematical problem.
A
B
C
D
4. I wish I can go with you to the countryside next weekend.
A
B
C
D
5. Lan wishes that she can go to the Singapore to visit her penpal.
A
B
C
D
6. I wish there is a park near my house so that I could play soccer with my son there.
A
B
C
D
7. I wish Miss Nga will come here and stay with us for a whole week.
A
B
C
D
8. Nga wishes she can go camping with her classmates this weekend.
A
B
C
D
9. I wish I am in London with my relatives now.
A
B
C
D
10. You are making too much noise. I wish you stop it.
A
B
C
D
IV. Rewrite the sentence that has the same meaning as the root one:
1. I don’t understand what the man says
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. My relatives live too far from me.
I wish…………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. We can’t live together forever !
I wish…………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. He doesn’t have a computer at home.
He wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She doesn’t get good marks.
She wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The children can’t play with those new toys.
The children wish………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12
7. I do not know many English words
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. My friends cannot stay with me longer.
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He can’t take his friends to the party tonight.
He wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Lan isn’t here and I want to see her.
I wish………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. I don’t have a pen pal and I’d like to.
I wish………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. I can’t go to the football match this afternoon and I’d like to.
I wish………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Mr. Minh doesn’t have a red tie and he wants to have one very much.
Mr. Minh wishes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. It’s a pity Hoa can’t play the piano well.
Hoa wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. I’m sorry that he won’t accept the job he’s been offered.
I wish………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. I don’t have much time to read all of the books I like.
I wish………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. It’s a pity that she can’t speak English.
She wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Mrs. Taylor doesn’t like living in her small house.
Mrs. Taylor wishes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
*****************************************************************************************************
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1 : CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN LOAÏI 1
IF CLAUSE
S + V / V –s (es)
S + is/ am / are
MAIN CLAUSE
S + will/ can/ may/ must + V
Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 1 laø caâu ñieàu kieän coù thaät ôû hieän taïi, chæ moät khaû naêng coù theå coù ñöôïc
ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai
Ví duï: If we pollute the water, we will have no fresh water to use
2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2: CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN LOAÏI 2
IF CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
S + V – 2 (ed)
S + would/ might/ could/ should + V
S + were
Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 2 dieãn taû ñieàu kieän traùi ngöôïc vôùi thöïc teá trong hieän taïi.
Ví duï : If I were a bird, I would be a pigeon ( Neáu toâi laø chim, toâi seõ laø loaøi chim boà caâu )
* Ghi chuù:
Unless = if ……not (neáu khoâng )
Unless it rains , we can play tennis
If it doesn’t rain , we can play tennis
13
If it
doesn’t
rain , we can play tennis
Unless
it rains , we can play tennis
EXERCISES
I. Put the verbs in the following sentences in the correct tenses:
1. If she has time this morning, she (finish)………………………………………..this drawing.
2. We will stay at home if it (rain) ………………………………………..
3. If I had enough money now, I (buy) ………………………………………..a computer.
4. If he (be) ………………………………………..a prime minister, he would spend more money on education.
5. If we win the lottery, we (give) ………………………………………..them half of the money.
6. She will need new clothes if she (get) ………………………………………..any fatter.
7. If he (play) ………………………………………..foodball all day, he would get very tired.
8. If the young man wanted to see me, he (come) ………………………………………..to my office.
9. If Henry is late, the train (not, wait) ………………………………………..
10. I will go with him if he (go) ………………………………………..
11. You will be ill if you (eat) ………………………………………..too much.
12.If she were older, she (have) ………………………………………..more sense.
13. If you (read) ………………………………………..that book carefully, you would understand it.
14. If it (be) ………………………………………..fine tomorrow, I (play) ………………………………………..tennis.
15. My uncle (be) ………………………………………..able to help us if he (be) ………………………………………..here now.
16. Were I you, I (not do) ………………………………………..that.
17. If you (go) ………………………………………..away, please write to me.
II. Circle the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences:
1. If you work hard, you………………………………………..in the final examination.
A. succeed
B. will succeed
C. would succeed
D. had succeed
2. We will be unhappy if you ……………………………………..come.
A. haven’t
B. don’t
C. have
D. didn’t
3. If you……………………………………..somewhere else, where would you like to be?
A. have been
B. can be
C. are
D. could be
4. What………………………………………you do if you have a lot of money.
A. have
B. will
C. would
D. did
5. What will you do if you……………………………………………the final exam.
A. pass
B. passed
C. will pass
D. passes
6. If I were you, I ……………………………………………that camera.
A. haven’t bought
B. wouldn’t buy
C. won’t
D. didn’t buy
7. …………………………………………….you work harder, you won’t be able to pass the exam.
A. Unless
B. If
C. When
D. As
8. If it………………………………………rain, we’ll have the party outside.
A. didn’t
B. doesn’t
C. won’t
D. wouldn’t
9. If I…………………………………………………a bird, I would be able to fly.
A. were
B. am
C. is
D. are
10. Unless you understand, I…………………………………………….explain it to you again.
A. am
B. would
C. will
D. was
11. Liz would come to see you, if she………………………………………..your address.
A. has
B. has had
C. have
D. had
12. If we………………………………………..hard, we’ll make this beach a clean and beautiful place again.
A. will work
B. worked
C. have worked
D. work
14
13. “My boss made me work overtime again.”
If I were you, I…………………………………………….my job”
A. quit
B. would quit
C. will quit
D. must quit
14. If I……………………………………………the day-off tomorrow, I would go on a trip to the mountains.
A. can have
B. will have
C. have
D. had
15. If it………………………………………, we ‘ll buy warm clothes.
A. get
B. got
C. will get
D. would get
16. If you heat ice, it……………………………..into water.
A. will turn
B. would turn
C. is turning
D. turns
17. If I……………………………………..a new car, I would take you to the movie.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. have
18. If my father…………………………………….a doctor, he would be very rich now.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. will be
19. If it……………………………….., I would not go to school.
A. rains
B. has rained
C. rained
D. had rained
20. If we had enough time, we ……………………………………to you.
A. will write
B. would write
C. can write
D. shall write
III. Each sentence has a mistake. Idetify it by choosing A, B, C or D:
1. We won’t get lost if we took a map.
A
B
C
D
2. If the little girl knew how to do it, her mother will be pleased.
A
B
C
D
3. If there will be too much exhaust fume in the air, our breathing will be badly affected.
A
B
C
D
4. If we would have a large garden, we would plant a lot of flowers in it.
A
B
C
D
5. If you won’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.
A
B
C
D
6. If he would speak more slowly, I could understand him.
A
B
C
D
7. If you will stay in bed and take enough medicine, the flu will certainly disappear in three days.
A
B
C
D
8. Nam’ll get up early if he had an alarm clock.
A
B
C
D
9. If you went to his office after 10 am, you will see him.
A
B
C D
IV. Finish the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the original one:
Number 0 has been done for you:
0. She doesn’t have a bicycle so she has to walk to school.
If she had a bicycle, she wouldn’t have to walk to school.
1. She loves him, so she forgives him easily.
If …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It rains, so the children don’t go swimming.
If …………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. They don’t behave themselves, so their parents are not happy about that.
If ……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If you didn’t speak quickly, I could understand you.
15
Unless.……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If you don’t have money, I can lend you some
Unless.………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Hurry up or we will miss the bus.
If we …………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Do the test carefully or you may get bad mark.
If you ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Come soon or you may not meet us.
If you ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. If you don’t study hard, you may fail the exam.
Unless ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I don’t have the key, so I can’t get into the house.
Unless ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Unless Nga hurries, she will miss the last train.
If Nga ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Mary doesn’t buy this shirt because she doesn’t have enough money.
If Mary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Tom eats too much, so he gets fat.
If Tom ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. She doesn’t work hard, so she doesn’t get good marks.
If ………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get information.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Unless he apologizes, I’ll never invite him here again.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Speak slowly or he can’t understand what you mean.
If you………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Keep our environment clean or we won’t enjoy a healthy life.
If we………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. I’m not a millionaire, so I can’t buy you a car.
If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. He will get wet unless he puts the raincoat on.
If he…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Today is not a holiday, so we can’t go for a picnic.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. He won’t do that because you don’t permit him.
He would………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Give him some advice or he won’t know what to do.
If you………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Mary can’t go to the party because she has to look after her sister.
If Mary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. It is rainy, so the children can’t go swimming.
The children could……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. She doesn’t know the answers, so she can’t tell you.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. We don’t buy a lot of new books because we don’t have a lot of money.
We would………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16
28. I can not take a photo of us because I can’t find my camera.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. I am not free today, so we can’t go to the beach.
We could………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. My parents don’t live near me, so I can’t see them on weekends.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
REPORTED SPEECH
I. REPORTED SPEECH: CAÂU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT
S1 + said (that) + S2 + V-2 / - ed)
Ví duï: Hoa said: “ I am happy now “
He said: “ I can play piano”
Hoa said (that) she was happy then
He said (that) he could play piano
* Ghi chuù:
- Ñoäng töø say to (said to) ñoåi thaønh tell (told). Tuy nhieân, neáu sau say (said) khoâng coù tuùc töø
(object) thì khi ñoåi sang caâu giaùn tieáp ta coù theå giöõ nguyeân ñoäng töø say (said).
- Boû daáu phaåy ( , ).
- Thay daáu ngoaëc keùp ( “ ) baèng that. Coù theå boû töø that.
- Ngoâi thöù nhaát (I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours) cuøng ngoâi vôùi chuû ngöõ (subject) cuûa ñoäng töø
töôøng thuaät.
- Ngoâi thöù hai (you, your, yours) cuøng ngoâi vôùi taân ngöõ (object).
- Ngoâi thöù ba (he, him, his, she, her, hers, they, them, their, theirs) khoâng thay ñoåi.
II. REPORTED SPEECH IN QUESTIONS: CAÂU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT TRONG CAÂU HOÛI
1. Reported speech in“ Wh question” : Caâu töôøng thuaät trong caâu hoûi coù töø ñeå hoûi
S + asked / told + O + Wh -word + S + V-2 / - ed
Ví duï: He asked me: “ What do you know about Malaysia?”
He asked me what I knew about Malaysia?”
Ví duï: Nam asked me: “ what is your name?”
Nam asked me what my name was
2. Reported speech in Yes/ No question : Caâu töôøng thuaät trong caâu hoûi yes / No
S + asked / told + O + if ( whether) + S + V(-2 / - ed )
Ví duï: He asked me: “ Do you know about Malaysia?”
He asked me if (whether) I knew about Malaysia?”
17
Ví duï: Nam asked me: “ Is your name Hoa ?”
Nam asked me if (whether) my name was Hoa
* Ghi chuù: Khi töôøng thuaät moät caâu hoûi, caùc em löu yù nhöõng ñieåm sau:
- Trong caâu hoûi töôøng thuaät, chuû töø ñi tröôùc ñoäng töø, ôû ñaây ta khoâng coøn ñaûo ñoäng töø ra tröôùc
chuû töø nöõa.
- Trôï ñoäng töø “Do” khoâng coøn duøng trong caâu hoûi töôøng thuaät vaø daáu hoûi thay baèng daáu chaám.
- Ñaïi töø vaø tính töø sôû höõu ñöôïc ñoåi tuøy theo chuû töø cuûa ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu laø gì.
III. COMMANDS IN REPORTED SPEECH: MEÄNH LEÄNH TRONG CAÂU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT
S + asked / told + O + ( not ) to + V ……………….
requested
begged
ordered
…………………….
Ví duï: He said to me: “ Can you post this letter for me?”
He asked me to post this letter for him
Ví duï: The doctor said to me: “ Stay in bed for a few days “
The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
- Boû töø PLEASE neáu trong caâu tröïc tieáp coù töø naøy.
* Ghi chuù: Khi ñoåi töø caâu noùi tröïc tieáp sang caâu noùi giaùn tieáp thì nhöõng ñoäng töø , nhöõng töø chæ ñònh,
nhöõng traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø khoâng gian cuõng phaûi thay ñoåi theo baûng döôùi ñaây:
Caâu noùi tröïc tieáp
Caâu noùi giaùn tieáp
Caâu noùi tröïc tieáp
Caâu noùi giaùn tieáp
now
then/ immediately
can
could
today
that day
must
had to
tonight
that night
shall
Should
ago
before / earlier
will
would
here
there
yesterday
the day before
these
those
last night / week
the night / week before
this
that
on / next Monday
the following Monday
may
might
tomorrow
the next / following day
* Ghi chuù: Caùc töø “ would, could, should, ought to, might “ khoâng ñöôïc thay ñoåi trong caâu töôøng
thuaät
EXERCISES
I. Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He said, “ I am going to town with my sister”………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. He said to her, “ You are wearing your best clothes”…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. They said, “We are unlucky today”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She said to me, “I want to speak to your brother” …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She said, “I have helped my mother” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. John said to Mary, “She is ready to go with us” ……………………………………………………………………………………………
18
7. She said to me, “They do not know you” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. He said, “ I shall answer the phone” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. She said to them, “You can do it if you try” ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. He said, “He has done his homework well” ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
II. Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him, “ Where do you live?”………………..………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. She said to me, “ Have you been to town today?”…..…………………………………………………………………………………..
3. She said to John, “How is your father today?”. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He said, “Where shall I be tomorrow?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. John said, “May I close the window?” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. John said, “What do you say, Mary?” ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
7. Mary said, “Do you feel well, John?”…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. He said to me, “ What is your name?” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She said to me, “Where are you going for your holidays?” ………………………………………………………………………
10. She said, “How long does it take to get to London, Ba” …………………………………………………………………………
III. Put the following sentences into reported speech:
1. Mary said to John, “ Open the box for me please”……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. The teacher said to Jim, “ Don’t be late for class again”…………………………………………………………………………..
3. He said to me, “Don’t make noise”. ………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She said to her classmates, “Be quiet, please” ………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Maryam said, “Help me with this exercise, Tom”……………. …………………………………………………………………………
6. The teacher said to me, “Write that exercise out carefully” ……………………………..……………………………………
7. She said to me, “Don’t believe everything she says”…… ……………………………………………………………………………
8. He said to me, “ Think before you answer” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. My father said to me, “Put your book here” ……………………………..……………………………………………………………………
10. She said to her brother, “Lock the front door before you go out” …………………………………………………………
IV. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first:
1. “Which class are you in?”.
I asked him……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Do these books belong to you, Lien?” Nam said.
Nam asked Lien…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “ We are having a wonderful time here,” they said.
They said………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Which dress are you wearing to the party tonight, Jane?” I asked.
I asked Jane…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “I am having a birthday party next Sunday,” Mary said.
Mary said……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “Mary, please lend me your bicycle pump,” Paul said.
Paul asked ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She said, Children, stay away from the water.”
She warned…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “Don’t worry about your mistakes, Jane”her teacher said.
Jane’s teacher told……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “I’ll see you in the morning, Helen.”
Jack told Helen……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I’m taking the 5.30 train tomorrow in the moring.”
Peter said..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19
11. “I like this hotel very much.”
Anna told me………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. She said, “Please forgive me, Mom.”
She begged…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. “ You should see a lawyer,” the policeman said to Mark.
The policeman advised……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. “Go on, apply for a job,” Jim said to me.
Jim encouraged me..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He said:” I am going to Ha noi tomorrow.”
He said……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. She asked me:”How old are you?”
She asked me..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Mary said:”I am very happy on my birthday.”
Mary said…….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Mrs.Tuyet said to her son:”Give the book to me, please.”
Mrs. Tuyet told her son……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. His mother said to him:”Don’t forget to turn off the faucet after using.”
His mother told him…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. She asked me:”Have you ever been to Da Lat.”
She asked me………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. He said to me:”Can you help me?”
He asked me………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. The tourist asked me:”Is there a post office near here?”
The tourist asked me…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
*****************************************************************************************************
PREPOSITIONS
I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: GIÔÙI TÖØ CHÆ THÔØI GIAN
1. AT
- at + thôøi gian ( at 2 o’clock )
- at midnight, at noon, at night, at lunchtime
- at the weekend nhöng on weekends
- at Easter, at Christmas nhöng on Christmas Day
2. ON
- on + thöù ( on Monday, on Tuesday,…..)
- on + ngaøy thaùng (on 20th November )
- on + ngaøy thaùng naêm ( on 2nd March 2010 )
- on time = ñuùng giôø
3. IN
- in + thaùng ( in January, in febuary,…)
- in + naêm ( in 2010 )
- in + muøa ( in the Spring, in the Summer, in the Fall, in the Winter )
- in + moät phaàn trong ngaøy ( in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening )
- in a moment, in a minute, in a week, in a month, in a year
- in time = ñuùng giôø
II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: GIÔÙI TÖØ CHÆ NÔI CHOÁN
20